英译中国菜名

WIND GU, MAY 2002

中国的饮食文化丰富灿烂，随着中国对外开放的深入，文化多元化现象的出现，我们有必要把中国的饮食文化介绍出去，让世界从又一个侧面了解中国。怎样介绍出去，首当其冲是中国菜名的翻译。

一、常用词汇

以下列出常用烹饪方法的英译名，搞清各个词的含义，依实际情况选择使用是翻译的必备。一般烹饪方法均用作修饰语，故用其-ed形式。

煲stewed

爆quick-fried

炒stir-fried， sautéed

炖stewed

烩stewed

煎fried, pan fried

卤marinated

焖braised

煨simmered

熏smoked

腌pickled, preserved, salted

炸deep fried

蒸steamed

煮boiled

白灼scalding

捣烂mashed

剁碎minced

烘烤toasted, baked

红烧braised with soy sauce (in brown sauce)

麻辣spicy and hot

磨碎ground

切丁（块）diced/cubed

切柳filleted

切片sliced

切丝shredded

去壳shelled

去骨boned

去皮peeled

烧烤roast（ed）, barbecued

什锦mixed, assorted

糖醋sweet and sour

铁扒broiled, grilled,

五香spiced, seasoned

二、翻译方法

中国菜名称繁多，但不论如何变化只需译其主要烹饪方法和原料，用简洁的名词短语，借助介词连接，达到简洁易懂效果。

1.    直接翻译。

直接按照字面信息译出，中文菜名中已说明主要制作方法和原料的都属于此类。

咸水鸭salted duck

荸荠肉片 sautéed fillets and water chestnuts

麻油海蛰jelly fish in sesame oil

葱爆羊肉quick fried mutton slices with green scallions

油焖鲜蘑braised fresh mushrooms

西红柿炒蛋scrambled eggs with tomatoes

二、间接翻译。

    菜名中含有中国饮食特有的词语，需将其还原成通俗的说法，译成英语。一般是汉语中原料名称和制作方法的美化。如把鱼鳔称作“广肚”，蘑菇和竹笋合称“双冬”，小竹笋称作“玉棍”等等。

棒棒鸡loosen chicken with hot sauce

回锅肉stir fried sliced boiled pork 

五柳时鲜sweet and sour seasonal fresh fish

红烧广肚braised swimming bladders in brown sauce

海米珍珠笋dry shrimps and tender corn

菊液马蹄露chrysanthemum and water chestnuts cream

    还有一些带有历史人名，典故的菜名，不妨直译人名，然后加简单注释，或口头解释以保留其文化气息。例如：

麻婆豆腐MaPo bean curd (bean curd in hot sauce firstly made by MaPo, a Chinese woman in Sichuan Province)

叫花鸡beggar’s chicken （roast chicken wrapped in lotus leaves and mud, firstly made by a beggar）

三、注意点

1.传统菜译法可记忆一些，有备无患。如：

古老肉pork in sweet and sour sauce (sweet and sour pork fillets with chilli)

宫保鸡丁sautéed diced chicken and peanuts in chilli

蚝油牛肉sautéed sliced beef with oyster sauce

清蒸甲鱼steamed turtle

雪菜肉丝sautéed shredded pork with pickles

鱼香茄子fish flavored eggplant (eggplant and minced pork in dry red chilli sauce)

2. 不能确定的原料名称和烹饪方法一定要向业内人士请教，以免望文而译，出现错误，闹出笑话。

蝴蝶冷盆butterfly shaped cold dish  （指摆放成蝴蝶形冷盆）

木须肉sautéed fillet and egg with fungus  （指鸡蛋，木耳炒肉片）

由上可见，菜名翻译关键要搞清烹饪方法和主要原料。菜名的翻译应依实际而定，同一种菜名的译文因烹饪方法差异会有不同。

本文在讨论中，并未仔细考虑菜名翻译的措辞和结构，即怎样使菜既好吃又好听。这就有待于我们在实践中进一步提高译文质量了。

 主要参考书目：

梅德明      口译教程       上海外语教育出版社    1996

马德慧等    英文打字       高等教育出版社        1993

艾群        饭店英语       外语教学与研究出版社  1993

中国菜名(中英对照）
出处： 作者：ghxiao 翻译中国 2004-9-22 18:21:18

如需转载，请注明来自：FanE『翻译中国』http;//www.FanE.cn
中菜部
头盘餐前小品Appetizers
1.各式刺身拼Sashimi Platter
2.锅贴Pot Sticker
3.辣汁脆炸鸡腿Fried Chicken Legs (Spicy Hot)
4.鸡沙律Chicken Salad
5.酥炸大虾Fried Prawns
6.酥炸生豪Fried Oysters
7.酥炸鲜鱿Fried Squid
8.海哲分蹄Smoked Jelly Fish
9.五香牛展Special Beef
10.白云凤爪Chicken Leg
11.琥珀合桃House Special Honey Walnuts
12.脆皮春卷Spring Rolls
13.蜜汁叉烧B.B.Q. Pork

汤羹类Soup
1.花胶鲍鱼火鸭丝羹Congee Pike Maw With Roast Duck
2.红烧鸡丝翅Chicken Shark's Fin Soup
3.竹笙烩生翅Bamboo Shark Fin Soup
4.粟米瑶柱羹Corn with Dry Scallops Soup
5.竹笙海皇羹Bamboo Seafood Soup
6.鸡蓉粟米羹Corn & Chicken Soup
7.酸辣汤Hot & Sour Soup
8.法国海鲜汤French Style Seafood Soup
9.法国杂菜汤French Style Vegetable Soup
10.杂锦云吞汤Combination Won Ton Soup
11.芥菜肉片咸蛋汤Mustard Green Salted Egg Soup
12.火鸭咸蛋芥菜汤Roast Duck Salt Egg / Mustard Green
13.西葫牛肉羹West Lake Beef Soup
14.三丝烩鱼肚Fish Soup
15.蝴蝶海参羹Sea Cucumber Soup
16.四宝豆腐羹Steam Tofu Soup

龙虾蟹类Seafood (Lobster, Shrimp, Crab)
1.法式咖喱焗龙虾French Curry Lobster
2.法式芝士牛油焗龙虾Cheese Lobster
3.上汤焗龙虾Special Style Lobster
4.蒜茸蒸龙虾Garlic Style Lobster
5.豉椒炒肉蟹Crab
6.上汤姜葱焗蟹Green Onion Crab
7.椒盐蟹Spicy Salt Crab
8.粉丝咖喱蟹煲Rice Noodle Curry Crab

虾鲜鱿贝类Seafood
1.菜远虾球Shrimp with Tender Green
2.白灼中虾Boil Shrimp
3.点桃虾球Walnut Shrimp
4.油泡虾球Crystal Prawn
5.柠檬虾球Lemon Prawn
6.咕噜虾Sweet & Sour Prawn
7.蒜茸蒸虾Steam Prawn w/ Garlic Sauce
8.四川虾球Szechuan Shrimp
9.豆瓣酱鲜鱿Fresh Squid
10.虾龙糊Shrimp w/ Lobster Sauce
11.韭王象拔蚌Gold Chive Geoduck
12.韭王花枝片Gold Chive Squid
13.椒盐鲜鱿Pepper Salt Fresh Squid
14.豉汁炒三鲜Mixed Seafood w/ Black Bean Sauce
15.马拉盏炒鲜鱿Special Fresh Squid
16.碧绿炒带子Tender Green Scallop
17.双菇鲜带子Mushroom Fresh Scallop
18.豉汁炒大蚬Clam w/ Black Bean Sauce
19.姜葱生豪Oyster w/ Ginger, Green Onion
20.豉汁炒青口Mussel w/ Black Bean Sauce
21.豉汁豆腐蒸带子Tofu Scallop w/ Black Bean Sauce

海鲜鱼类Seafood (Fish)
1.清蒸游水石斑Steam Live Rock Cod
2.清蒸蒜茸带子Steamd Scallop w/ Garlic Sauce
3.豉汁煎焗塘虱Catfish w/ Black Bean Sauce
4.清蒸龙利Flounder
5.清蒸海鲈Fomfret
6.蒸金钱片塘虱Steam Catfish
7.辣汁串烧鱼B & Q Fish Stick w/ Hot Sauce
8.西兰炒雪鱼球Pan Fried Snow Fish w/ Green
9.菜远石斑球Tender Green Rock Cod
10.豉汁石斑球Steam Rock Cod w/ Black Bean Sauce
11.油泡石斑球Crystal Rock Cod
12.川味石斑球Szechuan Rock Cod
13.骨香石斑球Fried Rock Cod Bone
14.咕噜石斑球Sweet & Sour Rock Cod
15.鱼腐扒菜胆Yu Fu w/ Vegetable

鸡鸭鸽Poultry
1.脆皮炸子鸡(半)Fried Chicken (Half)
2.红烧石岐项鸽Roast Pigeon
3.豉油皇乳鸽Pigeon w/ Soy Sauce
4.姜葱油淋鸡(半)Green Onion Chicken (Half)
5.北京片皮鸭Peking Duck
6.酸甜明炉烧鸭(半)Roast Duck (Half)
7.柠檬鸡球Lemon Chicken
8.西芹腰果鸡球Vegetable Cashew Chicken
9.咖喱鸡Curry Chicken
10.豉汁炒鸡球Chicken w/ Black Bean Sauce
11.四川炒鸡球Szechuan Chicken
12.菜远鸡球Chicken w/ Tender Green
13.宫保鸡球Kung Pao Chicken
14.豉汁黄毛鸡(半)Chicken w/ Soy Sauce
15.咕噜鸡Sweet & Sour Chicken
16.八珍发菜扒鸭(半)Combination Duck (Half)
17.子罗炒鸡片Ginger & Pineapple Chicken
18.游龙戏凤Chicken, Shrimp, Squid w/ Mixed Vegetable
19.龙凤琵琶豆腐Egg, Chicken, Shrimp, Steam Tofu

猪牛肉类Meat
1.酸甜咕噜肉Sweet & Sour Pork
2.菜远炒排骨Spareribs w/ Tender Green
3.豉椒排骨Spareribs w/ Black Bean Sauce
4.凉瓜炆排骨Bitty Melon Spareribs
5.京都骨Peking Spareribs
6.椒盐排骨Pepper Salt Spareribs
7.豉椒焖排骨Spareribs w/ Black Bean, Pepper
8.菜远炒牛肉Broccoli Beef
9.凉瓜炒牛肉Bitty Melon Beef
10.黑椒牛仔骨Black Pepper Short Rib
11.椒盐牛仔骨Pepper Salt Short Rib
12.中式牛柳Chinese Style Beef
13.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef
14.干扁牛柳丝String Beef
15.柠檬牛肉Lemon beef
16.麻婆豆腐Mar-Boh Tofu

煲仔类Clay Pot Style
1.北菇海参煲Mushroom Sea Cucumber Duck Feet
2.诸诸滑鸡煲Chicken Clay Pot
3.鸡粒咸鱼茄子煲Salt Fish Chicken Egg Plant Clay Pot
4.粉丝虾米杂菜煲Rice Noodle Vegetables Clay Pot
5.罗白牛腩煲Beef Stew w/ Turnip Clay Pot
6.支竹羊腩煲Dry Tofu Lamb Clay Pot
7.火腩生豪煲Roast Pig Oyster Clay Pot

素菜类Vegetarian
1.豪油冬菇Oyster Sauce Mushroom
2.什笙上素Bamboo Vegetable
3.红烧豆腐Fried Tofu
4.炒素丁Vegetable Roll
5.罗汉腐皮卷Vegetable Egg Roll
6.素咕噜肉Vegetarian Sweet and Sour
7.蒸山水豆腐Steam Tofu
8.鲜菇扒菜胆Mushroom Tender Green
9.炒杂菜Mixed Green Tender
10.清炒芥兰Chinese Green Tender
11.盐水菜心Salt Green Tender
12.干扁四季豆String Bean Western Style
13.上汤芥菜胆Mustard Green Tender

炒粉、面、饭Rice Plate
1.龙虾干烧伊面Lobster Teriyaki Noodle
2.上汤龙虾捞面Lobster Noodle
3.杨州炒饭Yang Chow Fried Rice
4.虾仁炒饭Shrimp Fried Rice
5.咸鱼鸡粒炒饭Salted Egg Chicken Fried Rice
6.蕃茄牛肉炒饭Tomato w/ Beef Fried Rice
7.厨师炒饭House Fried Rice
8.生菜丝炒牛肉饭Beef Fried Rice w/ Lettuce
9.招牌炒面House Chow Mein
10.鸡球炒/煎面Chicken Chow Mein
11.蕃茄牛肉炒面Tomato Beef Chow Mein
12.海鲜炒/煎面Seafood Chow Mein
13.虾子姜葱捞面Ginger Green Onion Noodle
14.干烧伊面Teriyaki Noodle
15.鸡丝上汤窝面Chicken Noodle Soup
16.菜远炒牛河Vegetable Beef Chow Fun
17.豉椒排骨炒河Sparerib w/ Black Bean Chow Fun
18.星洲炒米粉Singapore Noodle (Hot Spice)
19.鸳鸯馒头Shanghai Buns (12)
20.上汤水饺Dumpling Soup
21.上汤云吞Won Ton soup
22.丝苗白饭Steam Rice

甜品Dessert
1.雪哈红莲Bird Nest Red Bean Soup
2.椰汁炖雪哈Coconut Bird Nest
3.玫瑰红豆沙Red Bean Soup
4.椰汁西米露Coconut Tapioca
5.百年好合Red Bean Fresh Lily Bulb

厨师精选Luncheon Special
1.酸甜咕噜肉Sweet & Sour Pork
2.京都骨Peking Spareribs
3.豉椒排骨Sparerbis w/ Black Bean Sauce
4.凉瓜排骨Bitter Melon Spareribs
5.菜远炒排骨Spareribs w/ Tender Green
6.菜远炒牛肉Beef w/ Tender Green
7.豉椒炒牛肉Green Pepper Beef w/ Black Bean Sauce
8.柠檬牛肉Lemon Beef
9.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef
10.辣汁炸鸡腿Fried Chicken Leg w/ Hot Sauce
11.柠檬鸡球Lemon Chicken
12.杂菜鸡球Chicken w/ Mixed Vegetable
13.豉椒炒鸡球Chicken w/ Black Sauce
14.四川炒鸡球Szechuan Chicken
15.咖喱鸡球Curry Chicken
16.菜远炒鸡球Chicken w/ Tender Green
17.宫保鸡球Kung Pao Chicken
18.腰果鸡球Cashew Chicken
19.酸甜咕噜鱼Sweet & Sour Fish
20.酸甜咕噜虾Sweet & Sour Shrimp
21.柠檬炒虾球Lemon Shrimp
22.菜远炒虾球Shrimp w/ Vegetable
23.四川炒虾球Szechuan Shrimp
24.四川炒鲜鱿Szechuan Squid
25.豉椒炒鱿Squid w/ Black Bean Sauce
26.红烧豆腐Fried Tofu w/ Tender Green
27.炒杂菜Mixed Vegetable

特价小菜
1.豆腐虾Tofu & Shrimps
2.白灼虾Boiled Prawns
3.椒盐虾Spicy Slat Prawns
4.豉椒虾Black Bean Sauce Prawns
5.滑蛋虾Prawns with Eggs
6.油泡虾Crystal Prawns
7.时菜虾Vegetable Prawns
8.四川虾Szechuan Prawns
9.茄汁虾Prawns with Ketchup
10.豉汁炒蚬Clams Black Bean Sauce
11.时菜斑球Vegetable Rock Cod
12.豉汁斑球Black Bean Sauce Rock Cod
13.椒盐龙利球Pepper Salt Fried Flounder
14.香煎鲫鱼Pan Fried Fish
15.时菜鲜鱿Vegetable & Squid
16.椒盐鲜鱿Salt and Pepper Squid
17.豉椒鲜鱿Black Bean Sauce Squid
18.酥炸鲜鱿Deep Fried Squid
19.四川鸡Szechuan Chicken
20.宫保鸡Kung Pao Chicken
21.当红炸子鸡Crispy Fried Chicken
22.柠檬鸡Lemon Chicken
23.腰果鸡Cashew Nuts Chicken
24.甜酸鸡Sweet & Sour Chicken
25.时菜鸡Vegetable & Chicken
26.咖喱鸡Curry Chicken
27.豉椒鸡Black Bean Sauce Chicken
28.京都上肉排Peking Spareribs
29.椒盐肉排Pepper Salt Fried Spareribs
30.梅菜扣肉Preserved Vegetable & Pork
31.豉汁排骨Black Bean Sauce Spareribs
32.时菜排骨Vegetable & Spareribs
33.蜜汁叉烧B.B.Q. Pork
34.炸菜牛肉Pickled with Beef
35.蒙古牛肉Mongolian Beef
36.姜葱牛肉Ginger & Green Onion Beef
37.豪油牛肉Oyster Sauce Beef
38.时菜牛肉Vegetable & Beef
39.豆腐牛肉Tofu and Beef
40.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef
41.柠檬牛肉Lemon Beef
42.椒盐牛仔骨Pepper Salted Fried Beef Ribs
43.火腩塘虱煲Roasted Pork & Catfish Clay Pot
44.东江豆腐煲Tofu in Clay Pot
45.海鲜煲Seafood in Clay Pot
46.八珍煲Assorted Meat in Clay Pot
47.柱侯牛腩煲Stew Beef Basket
48.鱼香茄子煲Eggplant in Clay Pot
49.虾米粉丝煲Dried Shrimp & Noodle in Clay Pot
50.咸鱼鸡豆腐煲Salted Fish & Chicken Tofu in Clay Pot
51.蒸山水豆腐Steamed Tofu
52.红烧豆腐Braised Tofu
53.麻婆豆腐Bean Sauce Tofu
54.干烧四季豆Braised Green Bean
55.鱼香茄子Braised Egg plant
56.蒜茸豆苗Garlic Pea Greens
57.豉汁凉瓜black Bean Sauce & Bitter Melon
58.上汤芥菜胆Mustard Green
59.北菇扒菜胆Mushroom & Vegetable
60.清炒时菜Sautéed Vegetable
61.蒜茸芥兰Garlic & Broccoli
62.豪油芥兰Oyster Sauce Broccoli
63.豪油北菇Oyster Sauce Mushrooms
64.炒什菜Sautéed Assorted Vegetable